Tone means color variations in skin. Tonal issues can have many root causes:

Hyperpigmentation (dark spots on the skin)

• Sun damage, which is damage to DNA, can be a cause
• Conditions such as melasma (symmetrical dark map-like patches on the face) can be present
• Natural genetic melanin banding patterns can be a significant source of tonal irregularities in skin

Irritation responses in skin can cause intermittent redness

• A histamine reaction can take place in the skin as a result from the environment or a topical product application
• More complex issues such as rosacea which can have many contributing factors which need careful diagnosis
• Excessive bacterial presence on skin can lead to site-specific red patches on skin.

All of the above can be managed effectively with a variety of techniques.